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This 2025 Annual Water Quality Report provides an overview of our water treatment systems, water quality test results, updates on related projects, and answers to common questions about your water supply. At JEA, we remain dedicated to delivering high-quality, reliable drinking water.
As a municipal utility, JEA is dedicated to providing clean and reliable drinking water to our customers. We deliver more than 120 million gallons of water each day and perform an average of 45,000 water tests each year. JEA makes substantial investments in our water system to ensure the reliability and safety of our water, and we continually inspect, maintain, and upgrade our existing infrastructure to meet the growing demands of the community we serve. JEA’s operations network, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), enables us to monitor our water supply system and provide customers with an uninterrupted supply of fresh, clean water. SCADA is a technology that allows us to remotely control and monitor conditions such as pressure, flow, reservoir levels, chlorine level, and pH at our water plants 24 hours a day. By investing in infrastructure, advanced treatment technologies, and conservation programs, we protect our water resources, support environmental stewardship, and help ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
The JEA drinking water system consists of wells, water treatment plants, distribution pipelines, and customer meters. Our wells withdraw water from the Floridan aquifer, about 1,000 feet below land surface, and pump it from the well fields to water treatment plants, where it flows through an aerator to remove the sulfur odor. The water leaves the reservoirs and is disinfected with chlorine per health regulations before it enters our water lines for distribution to our customers. Ozone is also utilized at two plants for sulfide removal and to improve taste and odors.
1. The Floridan Aquifer is the source of water in Northeast Florida. JEA utilizes this source to provide potable (drinking) water to our customers. The aquifer is a gigantic underground river that courses through limestone formations many hundreds of feet underground. 2. Deep Well Turbine Pumps are used to draw the water from the aquifer and deliver it through 3. Well Headers to the 4. Water Treatment Plant. At the plant, the water is aerated and stored until there is demand for the water. As needed, the water is chlorinated and pumped into the system by the plant’s service pumps. 5. Transmission Mains carry the potable water throughout the many miles of service area and ultimately deliver the water through 6. Distribution Mains, service connections, and water meters to 7. Our Customers.
In 2025, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection performed Source Water Assessments to identify potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of JEA wells. Potential contamination sources include landfills, fuel storage tanks, dry cleaning facilities, and wastewater disposal areas.Visit https://prodapps.dep.state.fl.us/swapp to view assessment results online.
JEA’s Major Grid supplies water to most of Duval County and the northwest part of St. Johns County. JEA also provides water to the Yulee area, Mayport, and from Ponte Vedra south to Vilano Beach along A1A. Additionally, along the Intracoastal Waterway in Palm Valley, a small area receives water through an interconnection with the St. Johns County Utility Department. Our grid system ensures reliable water service backup when needed, especially during emergencies or routine plant maintenance shutdowns.
Water is described as “hard” when it contains high levels of dissolved minerals—primarily calcium and magnesium. While these naturally occurring compounds can leave spots on dishes and windows (easily removed with white vinegar), they do not present a health risk. In fact, both calcium and magnesium are commonly taken as health supplements. The table indicating the total hardness found in all JEA-serviced zip codes can be found at jea.com/hardness.
JEA is dedicated to protecting and sustaining the natural resources, like the pristine Floridan aquifer, of the communities we serve. While the aquifer continues to meet the water needs of our growing community, it is not unlimited. As we work to meet the growing needs of our community, we know that conserving this precious resource is the best way to ensure it lasts. That’s why we demonstrate environmental leadership by investing in solutions and promoting programs to conserve. While we have already implemented robust conservation initiatives and an expansive reclaimed water system, our H2.0® program is shaping a sustainable water future for all of Northeast Florida.
Employing state-of-the-art technology, our H2.0 program is transforming water purification. The multi-barrier purification process cleans the water our customers use, further purifying reclaimed water to drinking water quality, so it can be used to replenish the aquifer. As part of this initiative, we are opening the H2.0 Purification Center that will showcase purification technology and engage the public through a visitor education and experience area. The Center will also serve as a training facility for JEA staff and industry leaders, while offering visitors a chance to watch firsthand as our center purifies 1 million gallons of water every day, replenishing our aquifer in an accelerated, sustainable way.
Visit jeaonewater.com for more information.
* Although the MCL value was exceeded, the annual average results were below the MCL.** Level Detected for Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts is the highest locational running annual average of monthly/quarterly averages if sampled monthly/quarterly, or the highest result if sampled annually.*** Florida Source water is naturally high in dissolved minerals and some Secondary Contaminants exceeded the MCL. The concentration found in our water only affects the aesthetic quality (look, smell, taste) and is not associated with any adverse health effects. Note: St. Johns Forest WTP (Major Grid) has a FDEP waiver for Sulfate levels not to exceed 500 mg/L.
The Water Quality Report is provided to all customers of community water systems on an annual basis as required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments.
JEA routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water according to federal and state laws, rules, and regulations. Except where indicated otherwise, this report is based on the results of our monitoring for the period of January 1 to December 31, 2025. Data obtained before January 1, 2025, and presented in this report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations. Out of more than 100 contaminants for which JEA routinely tests, only those that have been detected appear in the tables.
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source water include:
To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations, which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which must provide the same protection for public health.
Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.
In the table above, you may find unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. To help you better understand these terms we’ve provided the following definitions:
Note: MCLs are set at stringent levels. To understand the possible health effects described for many regulated constituents, a person would have to drink two liters of water every day at the MCL for a lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance of having the described effect.
Lead: We are required to periodically sample water from customer taps to determine lead and copper levels. EPA sets the lead action at 15 ppb. For a water system to be in compliance, at least 90% of tap water samples must have lead levels below this limit. This report contains the 90th percentile and range of our most recent sampling. The individual results for each location sampled can be reviewed by requesting the information from JEA's Water Quality line at 904-665-4521 or WaterQuality@jea.com.
In accordance with EPA rules, JEA completed an initial inventory of all the water service lines in our territory. That inventory is available at jea.com/lcrr. You can check your service line materials by entering your address into the map section. If the Private Side Material is listed as Unknown and you know what your line is made of, please follow the steps on that webpage to complete a self-verification or email the information to WaterQuality@jea.com.
Lead can cause serious health effects in people of all ages, especially pregnant people, infants (both formula-fed and breastfed), and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and parts used in service lines and in home plumbing. JEA is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes but cannot control the variety of materials used in the plumbing in your home. Because lead levels may vary over time, lead exposure is possible even when your tap sampling results do not detect lead at one point in time. You can help protect yourself and your family by identifying and removing lead materials within your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family's risk. Using a filter, certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce lead, is effective in reducing lead exposures. Follow the instructions provided with the filter to ensure the filter is used properly. Use only cold water for drinking, cooking, and making baby formula. Boiling water does not remove lead from water. Before using tap water for drinking, cooking, or making baby formula, flush your pipes for several minutes. You can do this by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load of dishes. If you have a lead service line or galvanized requiring replacement service line, you may need to flush your pipes for a longer period. If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to have your water tested, contact JEA’s Water Quality line at 904-665-4521 or WaterQuality@jea.com. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can taketo minimize exposure is available at epa.gov/safewater/lead.
TTHM [Total Trihalomethanes]: The following samples during 2025 exceeded the TTHM MCL of 80 ppb. However, the system did not incur an MCL violation because all annual average results at all sites were below the MCL. Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice from their health care providers about drinking water. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline 800-426-4791.
For more information on JEA's water quality tests or to request a report, please contact us.